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The first stage in steam sterilization is conditioning. This stage involves preparing the materials and the sterilizer to ensure effective sterilization. During conditioning, the air is removed from the sterilization chamber and replaced by steam, allowing the temperature and pressure within the chamber to reach the necessary levels for sterilization to occur. Effective conditioning is critical because it allows steam to penetrate the items being sterilized, ensuring that all surfaces receive adequate exposure to the sterilizing agent.

The conditioning phase typically includes thorough steam penetration and proper temperature stabilization, which are essential for the subsequent exposure stage. Without proper conditioning, the sterilization process may fail, as any residual air could create cold spots and limit steam effectiveness.

In this context, the later stages like exposure, exhaust, and drying follow the conditioning phase. These stages are dependent upon the proper establishment of conditions created during the conditioning phase, reinforcing its fundamental role in the steam sterilization process.